{"id":27859,"date":"2020-01-06T10:38:40","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T07:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/?post_type=mmg_articles&p=27859"},"modified":"2020-01-06T10:38:41","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T07:38:41","slug":"2019da-gerceklesen-en-onemli-5-bilimsel-yenilik","status":"publish","type":"mmg_articles","link":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/mmg-article\/2019da-gerceklesen-en-onemli-5-bilimsel-yenilik\/","title":{"rendered":"2019’da Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen En \u00d6nemli 5 Bilimsel Yenilik"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00a0Bir kara deli\u011fin ilk kez g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesinden Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki buz denizinin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da geli\u015fme heyecan yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n

2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nemli bilimsel geli\u015fme ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130lk kez bir kara deli\u011fin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck heyecan yarat\u0131rken, Ebola vir\u00fcs\u00fcyle m\u00fccadele ve en eski Avrupal\u0131 atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ke\u015ffine kadar 2019’un\u00a0en \u00f6nemli 5 geli\u015fmesi\u00a0\u015funlar oldu:<\/p>\n

1. \u0130lk kara delik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h2>\n

\"Kara<\/p>\n

2019\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilimsel ke\u015fiflerinden birisi, evrenin en \u00f6nemli gizemlerinden olan\u00a0kara\u00a0delikleri\u00a0ilk kez g\u00f6zlemlememiz oldu.\u00a0Event Horizon Teleskobu taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6zlemlenen ilk kara delik, 54 milyon \u0131\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l\u0131 uzaktaki\u00a0Messier\u00a087\u00a0galaksisinin merkezinde yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kara deli\u011fin etraf\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131ldayan ve kara deli\u011fin i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilen maddenin b\u00fck\u00fclen uzay-zaman yoluyla d\u0131\u015far\u0131 att\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyasyon halkas\u0131, kara deli\u011fin ikonik g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc haline geldi. Kara deli\u011fin, maddenin i\u00e7ine do\u011fu \u00e7ekildi\u011fi\u00a0olay ufku\u00a0G\u00fcne\u015f\u00a0Sistemi’miz\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ve\u00a06 bu\u00e7uk milyar\u00a0g\u00fcne\u015f a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fctle bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Kara deli\u011fin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikleri,\u00a0Albert\u00a0Einstein\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0100\u00a0y\u0131l\u00a0\u00f6nce geli\u015ftirilen genel g\u00f6relilik kuram\u0131\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan dikkat son derece tutarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.\u00a0<\/p>\n

2. Ebolayla m\u00fccadele<\/h2>\n

\"Ebola\"<\/p>\n

2014\u00a0y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Afrika’da patlak veren\u00a0Ebola\u00a0salg\u0131n\u0131, 11 binin \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olurken d\u00fcnyay\u0131 alarma\u00a0ge\u00e7irmi\u015fti. Salg\u0131n, zengin \u00fclkelerin k\u00fcresel olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fma riski bulunmayan hastal\u0131klara ne kadar az ilgi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonu itibar\u0131yla\u00a0patentli bir Ebola a\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ve iki ilaca sahibiz. Ba\u015fka bir patentli a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da\u00a0yak\u0131n\u00a0zamanda\u00a0piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bekleniyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131, \u015fu anda vir\u00fcsten etkilenmi\u015f insanlar\u0131 tedavi edebiliyor ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n salg\u0131n hale gelmesini\u00a0engelleyebiliyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ancak Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti’nde 15 ay s\u00fcren ve\u00a02 bin\u00a0ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olan\u00a0son\u00a0salg\u0131n;\u00a0politik, toplumsal ve ekonomik k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir yerde hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alman\u0131n ne kadar zor oldu\u011funu bir kez daha g\u00f6sterdi. A\u015f\u0131lar ve ila\u00e7lar salg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinin yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131\u00a0ancak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan ko\u015fullar\u0131n engellenmesi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemini koruyor.\u00a0<\/p>\n

3. En eski Avrupal\u0131 atam\u0131z<\/h2>\n

\"Atalar\u0131m\u0131z\"<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geldi\u011fi t\u00fcr olarak da bilinen\u00a0Homo\u00a0sapiens, Afrika’da evrimle\u015fti ve bundan yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak yeni bir ke\u015fifle birlikte, Afrika’daki yurdumuzdan daha \u00f6nce ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f atalar\u0131m\u0131z oldu\u011funu biliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Yunanistan’\u0131n Mora Yar\u0131madas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki bir ma\u011farada\u00a0iki kafatas\u0131 bulundu. Bu kafataslar\u0131ndan biri,\u00a0170\u00a0bin\u00a0y\u0131ll\u0131k bir Neanderthal’e aitti. Ancak di\u011feri, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtan bir kafatas\u0131yd\u0131:\u00a0210\u00a0bin\u00a0y\u0131ll\u0131k bir Homo sapiens.<\/p>\n

Afrikal\u0131 atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n\u00a070\u00a0bin\u00a0y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin teorileri alt\u00fcst eden bu bulu\u015f \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar h\u00e2l\u00e2 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

4. Kuzey Kutbu’nu yeniden ke\u015ffetmek<\/h2>\n

\"Kuzey<\/p>\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aniden\u00a0-30\u00a0dereceye d\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fi\u00a0Kuzey\u00a0Kutbu\u00a0ve\u00a0Arktik\u00a0Denizi, d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n en uzak ve en eri\u015filmez b\u00f6lgelerinden.\u00a0RV\u00a0Polarstern\u00a0gemisi, hakk\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok az \u015fey bildi\u011fimiz kutuplara dair bilgimizi art\u0131rmak niyetinde.<\/p>\n

Polarstern buzk\u0131ran\u0131,\u00a0y\u00fczlerce ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n ertesi y\u0131l\u0131 kuzey kutbunda ge\u00e7irmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in\u00a0Norve\u00e7’e\u00a0ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buzk\u0131ran, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir y\u0131l boyunca\u00a0donmu\u015f\u00a0deniz\u00a0i\u00e7erisinde faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctecek ve i\u00e7eriden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler elde edecek.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rma,\u00a0Eyl\u00fcl 2019-Eyl\u00fcl 2020\u00a0aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrecek ve toplam 600 bilim insan\u0131 bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Kuzey Kutbu’nu anlamam\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra gezegenimizin iklimi ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi konulardaki bilgilerimizi art\u0131racak.<\/p>\n

5. Saklamba\u00e7 oynayan fareler<\/h2>\n

\"Fare\"<\/p>\n

Almanya’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bilim insanlar\u0131, farelerin insanlarla\u00a0saklamba\u00e7\u00a0oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fark etti. Deneyde yer alan farelerden biri hari\u00e7 di\u011fer fareler, deney yapan bilim insanlar\u0131ndan saklanmay\u0131\u00a0\u00f6\u011frendi. Farelerin sakland\u0131ktan sonra edindikleri tek \u00f6d\u00fcl, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131 g\u0131d\u0131klamas\u0131 ve onlarla oynamas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda farelerin saklambac\u0131 zevkle oynad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 “\u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca” arad\u0131klar\u0131 ke\u015ffedilirken, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 bulan farelerin “\u00e7ok\u00a0sevindikleri” belirtiliyor. Farelerin saklanman\u0131n ne demek oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131klar\u0131, \u015feffaf kutular yerine d\u0131\u015far\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen kutular\u0131\u00a0saklanmak\u00a0i\u00e7in tercih ettikleri, sakland\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca bulunmamak i\u00e7in sessiz kald\u0131klar\u0131 da elde edilen\u00a0veriler aras\u0131nda. Fareler yakaland\u0131klar\u0131 zaman s\u0131k\u00e7a ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131larla e\u011flenmeyi ve gidip yeniden saklanmay\u0131\u00a0tercih\u00a0ettiler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nemli bilimsel geli\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27860,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27859","mmg_articles","type-mmg_articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["tr","en"],"languages":{"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles\/27859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mmg_articles"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles\/27859\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}