{"id":27864,"date":"2020-01-06T10:39:13","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T07:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/?post_type=mmg_articles&p=27864"},"modified":"2020-01-06T10:39:15","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T07:39:15","slug":"avustralyanin-en-katastrofik-yangini","status":"publish","type":"mmg_articles","link":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/mmg-article\/avustralyanin-en-katastrofik-yangini\/","title":{"rendered":"Avustralya’n\u0131n En Katastrofik Yang\u0131n\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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A\u011fustostan beri devam eden yang\u0131n Avustralya’da yar\u0131m milyara yak\u0131n hayvan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu…<\/p>\n

\"Avustralya'n\u0131n<\/p>\n

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Avustralya’n\u0131n tarihine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kolonizasyonundan itibaren yang\u0131nlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Onbinlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Avustralya’n\u0131n yerel floras\u0131 ve fauna<\/span>s\u0131 buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k evrimle\u015fiyor. 2018’den itibaren k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle kurakl\u0131klarda ve atmosferik s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zleniyor. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda da ate\u015f f\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131lar\u0131 ile yay\u0131lmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015febiliyor. Avustralya tarihinde bir\u00e7ok kez sezonlar halinde yang\u0131nlar g\u00f6zlendi ve g\u00f6zlenmeye devam edecek. Evrimsel olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda gezegenimizde ekolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan do\u011fal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden bir tanesidir. Yang\u0131n ekolojisi hakk\u0131ndaki kapsaml\u0131 makalemize buradan ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

\"Yang\u0131nlarYang\u0131nlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda foto\u011fraflanan baz\u0131 kareler.

Kaynak: BBC<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n

2009 g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avustralya \u0131s\u0131 dalgalar\u0131 hadisesi, 180 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi 2009 Kara Cumartesi yang\u0131n\u0131, 1 milyon b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1851 Siyah Per\u015fembe yang\u0131n\u0131, 2006 Aral\u0131k yang\u0131n\u0131 ve hala devam eden 2019-20 yang\u0131n\u0131 Avustralya tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131nlard\u0131r. 1851’den bu yana yang\u0131nlarda 800 insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, onbinlerce binan\u0131n yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ve 1.6 milyar dolarl\u0131k zarara neden oldu\u011fu raporlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Yang\u0131n\u0131nYang\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, Batemans Bay kasabas\u0131.

Kaynak: BBC<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun sebebi y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar, y\u00fcksek elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki s\u0131\u00e7ramalar, kas\u0131tl\u0131 yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karan insanlar, kamp alanlar\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lan yan\u0131c\u0131 maddeler, kontrols\u00fcz kaynak ve bileme i\u015flemleri, sigara ve kibrit par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n do\u011fal seleksiyon sonucu yang\u0131nlara diren\u00e7li baz\u0131 mekanizmalar ile evrim<\/span>le\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin epikormik ad\u0131 verilen yang\u0131ndan sonra yapraklar\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 ile birlikte kabuk alt\u0131ndaki meristemlerde b\u00fcy\u00fcme olay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ile yeniden yapraklanma ve a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerindeki lignotuber denilen odunsu urlar sayesinde yang\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini engelleyen yap\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\"Yang\u0131nlaraYang\u0131nlara dayan\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in evrimle\u015fen k\u00f6klerdeki lignotuber g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc.

Kaynak: Wikipedia<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n

Bu mekanizmalar ile evrimle\u015fen a\u011fa\u00e7lar Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Stockwellia, Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis <\/em>ve Arillastrum <\/em>cinsleridir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde baz\u0131 hayvanlar<\/span> da yang\u0131nlarla birlikte evrim<\/span>le\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 se\u00e7ilim g\u00f6sterdiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin Varanus<\/em> cinsi kertenkeleler yang\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00f6l\u00fcler ile beslenirler. Baz\u0131 kemirgenler s\u0131cakl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcneller kazarlar. Bu da atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n 66 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nceki K\/T Yok Olu\u015fu’nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntem ile benzerlik g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

2019 A\u011fustos sonunda ba\u015flayan yang\u0131n ise Avustralya tarihinde ya\u015fanan en katastrofik (ekoloji<\/span>k a\u00e7\u0131dan y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131) yang\u0131n oldu\u011fu raporland\u0131. Bu olayda 480 milyon hayvan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve atmosfere 350 milyon ton karbondioksit sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesapland\u0131. Karbon emisyonunun Avustralya’daki a\u011fa\u00e7lar taraf\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Ancak Tazmanya \u00dcniversitesi’nde yang\u0131n ekolojisi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan piroco\u011frafya (pyrogeography) uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. David Bowman, bu sezon sal\u0131nan karbondioksitin a\u011fa\u00e7lar taraf\u0131ndan tamamen geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin 100 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcreci\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"Yang\u0131ndanYang\u0131ndan ka\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikenli tellere tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in yanan bir yavru kanguru ve alevler nedeniyle devrilen bir a\u011fa\u00e7tan kurtar\u0131lan koala.

Kaynak: Indian Express<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n

\u015eimdiye kadar 6.3 milyon hektar\u0131n yand\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2500 yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 6 ki\u015finin kay\u0131p oldu\u011fu ve 24 insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi s\u00f6yleniyor. Artan kurakl\u0131k ile birlikte alevlerin daha \u00e7ok yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 48.9 dereceyi buldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden k\u00fck\u00fcrt ta\u00e7l\u0131 kakadu (Cacatua galerita) gibi ku\u015flar yerlerde \u00f6l\u00fc halde foto\u011frafland\u0131. S\u00fcr\u00fcler halinde g\u00f6\u00e7<\/span> eden kangurular ve \u00e7aylaklar g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclendi.<\/p>\n

\"Yava\u015fYava\u015f hareketleri nedeniyle koalalar, Avustralya yang\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki en dezavantaj\u0131 memelilerdir. 2009 Kara Cumartesi yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda itfaiyeci taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lan Sam adl\u0131 koalan\u0131n su i\u00e7erkenki foto\u011fraf\u0131. Sam, iki sene sonra bak\u0131m merkezinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor.

Kaynak: ABC<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n

Ekologlara g\u00f6re yok olan yar\u0131m milyar hayvan aras\u0131nda Avustralya’n\u0131n koala pop\u00fclasyon<\/span>unun 3’te 1’in de bulunuyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu New South Wales eyaletinde de \u015fiddetli yang\u0131nlar mevcut. Zaten koala pop\u00fclasyonunun 15.000 ila 28.000 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunlardan yakla\u015f\u0131k 8000’inin yok oldu\u011fu hesaplanm\u0131\u015f durumda. B\u00f6yle giderse 2050’ye kadar nesillerinin t\u00fckenece\u011fi hesaplan\u0131yor. Koalalara yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in WWF’nin ba\u011f\u0131\u015f kampanyas\u0131na buradan<\/a> katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Kangurular\u0131n yang\u0131nlardan ka\u00e7an g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri sosyal medyada insanlar\u0131n y\u00fcre\u011fini burktu.<\/p>\n

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Evrimsel olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda gezegende artan k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n etkisi ile Avustralya’da devam eden yang\u0131nlar sonucunda ortama uyum sa\u011flayabilenler hayatta kalacak, di\u011ferleri ise elenecektir. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca insanlar\u0131n bu uyum sa\u011flayan t\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 muallakt\u0131r. Ancak net olan bir \u015fey var ki, o da Avustralya’da ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131n tekrar geri gelmeyece\u011fidir. E\u011fer hayatta kal\u0131rsak, belki de y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonra koalalar ve kangurular da nesli t\u00fckenen dodo ku\u015flar\u0131 gibi resimlerden ibaret olacakt\u0131r. Avustralya’n\u0131n di\u011fer yard\u0131m ve sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015flar\u0131na <\/span>buradan<\/a> ba\u011f\u0131\u015f sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"PatrickPatrick Boyle isimli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcn\u00fcn kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 koaladan biri ve di\u011fer g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcler taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lan koalalar.

Kaynak: 7 News<\/a><\/cite><\/p>\n

Gezegenimiz de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam edecektir, G\u00fcne\u015f Sistemi’ndeki hareketi milyarlarca y\u0131l daha devaml\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Peki ya biz olacak m\u0131y\u0131z? Madem bu de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6rebiliyoruz ve fark\u0131nday\u0131z, s\u00f6z konusu y\u00fcksek bili\u015fsel fonksiyonlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kendi t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz ve etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki t\u00fcrlerin gelece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kullanamaz m\u0131y\u0131z? Karl Marx’\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi, “Gezegeni anlamak yetmez, onu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekir.” <\/em>Evet, insanlar D\u00fcnya’n\u0131n umrunda de\u011fildir. Ancak D\u00fcnya insanlar\u0131n umrunda olmak zorundad\u0131r. Zira hen\u00fcz ba\u015fka evimiz bulunmuyor…<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u011fustostan beri devam eden yang\u0131n Avustralya’da yar\u0131m milyara yak\u0131n hayvan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":27865,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27864","mmg_articles","type-mmg_articles","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.0","language":"en","enabled_languages":["tr","en"],"languages":{"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles\/27864","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/mmg_articles"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/mmg_articles\/27864\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.revolvia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}